15-Crown-5 CAS 33100-27-5

What is 15-Crown-5 CAS 33100-27-5?

15-Crown ether-5 is a colorless, transparent, viscous liquid that easily absorbs moisture and is miscible with water. It is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene, chloroform, and dichloromethane. It has a strong selective complexing force for sodium ions and is an efficient phase transfer catalyst and complexing agent.

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15-crown-5 Uses

1. Phase transfer catalyst

(1) Enhanced organic synthesis: significantly improves the reaction rate and yield in heterogeneous reactions (such as liquid-solid phase systems). For example:
In the benzoin condensation reaction, adding 7% of 15 crown 5 can increase the yield from a very low to 78%.
In the Wurtz coupling method for synthesizing silane, adding 2% of 15-Crown 5-Ether can increase the yield from 38.2% to 78.8%, and shorten the reaction time by 3 hours.

(2) Applicable reaction types: including nucleophilic substitution, redox and metal organic reactions, especially suitable for reactions of insoluble salts (such as potassium cyanide) in organic solvents.

2. Battery electrolyte additive
(1) Suppressing lithium dendrites: In lithium battery electrolytes, 5 crown 15 reduces the ion concentration on the electrode surface by complexing lithium ions (Li⁺), promoting uniform deposition. Experiments show that adding 2% can form a smooth and dense lithium deposition layer, and the cycle life is extended to 178 times (Li|Li symmetric battery).

(2) Improve the reversibility of lithium-oxygen batteries: Regulate the solvation structure of Li⁺, promote the decomposition kinetics of Li₂O₂, and enhance the reversibility of the reaction.

(3) Application of sodium-ion batteries: Utilize its selective complexation of Na⁺ to optimize the sodium ion transmission efficiency.

3. Metal ion separation and detection

(1) Selective extraction: It has high selective complexation ability for cations such as Na⁺ and K⁺, and is used for:
Wastewater treatment of heavy metal ions (such as mercury and uranium).
Recovery of radioactive elements in nuclear waste.

(2) Electrochemical sensors: As recognition molecules, it accurately detects specific ions (such as K⁺ and Na⁺) in blood or the environment with high sensitivity.

4. Medicine and materials science

(1) Drug carriers: Utilize its biocompatibility (some derivatives such as 2-hydroxymethyl-15-crown ether-5) to achieve targeted drug delivery and controlled release.

(2) Preparation of porous liquids: As a solvent host, combined with metal organic polyhedrons (such as MOP-18) to form room temperature porous liquids for gas separation or storage.

5. Other industrial applications

(1) Dye synthesis: Optimize the reaction path to improve dye purity and yield8.

(2) Precious metal catalysis: As a ligand to enhance the activity and stability of catalysts such as platinum and palladium, and reduce the amount of precious metals used.

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